萬聖節的由來

每年的10月31日乃是西方的傳統節日-萬聖節。這一天不論大人或小孩,都可以盡其所能的作怪,而不會招致異樣的眼光。大部份的家庭會在院子裡擺上幾棵南 瓜或是和真人一般高的稻草人,並且在窗戶上裝飾小小的南瓜燈或是掛上一副骷髏;有些人也會在前門上方掛些蜘蛛網。愛熱鬧或是有年輕人在家的家庭則會舉辦化妝舞會,或是將家裏裝飾成鬼屋!萬聖節可是僅次於耶誕節和感恩節的第三大節日喔!

二千多年前,塞爾特族人(即目前的蘇格蘭人,愛爾蘭人等)一年之中最害怕的日子莫過於十月三十一日的晚上。每年十月三十一日的 前夕,象徵著一年的結束,以及新一年的開始。這一天是塞爾特族人表達他們對太陽神敬意的日子,因為太陽神讓他們的穀物豐收,以應付即將到來的冬天!可是在 這一個夜晚也是惡靈力量最強大的一天,因此牧師和祭司也會主持祭典,安撫掌管死亡的神!事實上,古時的歐洲人相信惡運是由惡靈帶來的,而惡靈會被醜陋的面 具嚇走!他們因為害怕還在外面遊走的惡靈,如果有人晚上必須出門,便會戴上面具,希望惡靈認不出他們來!到了第四世紀,因為基督教的興盛,這一天便被強迫 改為上帝死亡日!並告知人們,偉大的上帝將會為他們趕走惡靈!後來,演變成小孩穿上鬼和精靈的衣服,出去嚇鄰居;大約四十年前,人們開始請小朋友吃糖果! 玩起"Trick or Treat"!以上即是萬聖節的始末。

25個世界上鬧鬼最兇的地方

關於萬聖節25個世界上鬧鬼最兇的地方,我們特別翻譯外國網站的原文供大家參考。
資料出處  :http://travelblog.viator.com/top-haunted-places-around-the-world/

Top 25 Haunted Places Around the World
The Halloween of our youth may have been more about dressing up like cartoon characters and prancing around the neighborhood asking for candy, but we want more from our holidays once we grow up. Plenty of destinations around the world make for great places to spend Halloween, sometimes simply because they’re notorious for excellent parties — but if you prefer to focus on the more hair-raising aspects of the holiday, this list of haunted places around the world is for you.

25個世界上鬧鬼最兇的地方
小時候的萬聖節可能就是變裝成卡通人物然後遊街要糖果,但當我們越來越大時,就會想要從節日當中多了解些什麼。很多地方都是過萬聖節的好去處,有些只因為他們的派對很出名,但假如你想著重在那些會讓你寒毛豎起的地點,以下這些世界著名的鬧鬼勝地是你不能錯過的!
1. New Orleans, USA
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New Orleans is a city of ghosts and vampires, and even if you don’t believe in those legends there’s no getting around the city’s famous history of voodoo and black magic. It doesn’t take much imagination to see how one of the above-ground cemeteries — the so-called “Cities of the Dead” — would make a fine setting for a ghost story.

  1. 美國紐奧良
    紐奧良是ㄧ個住著鬼魂和吸血鬼的城市,假如你不相信這些傳說,這個城市著名的歷史當中,沒有不和巫毒和黑魔法相關的。從那些地上的墓碑看來不難想像這個被稱為”死亡之城”的地方,多適合拍攝鬼故事。
    2. Venice, Italy
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    Another city that seems tailor-made for ghost stories and murder mysteries is Venice, with its dense warren of narrow alleys which sometimes dead-end on a canal impossible to see until it’s almost too late. Add to that the smaller islands in the lagoon that served as mass graves during Venice’s many bouts with the plague (and one island which was once home to an insane asylum, now abandoned) and you’ve set the stage for a few sleepless nights.
    義大利威尼斯
    另一個像是專門來寫鬼故事和謀殺奇案的城市就是威尼斯,擁擠的街道伴隨著幾乎走到最後才看的到的運河為盡頭。再加上威尼斯鼠疫時,在瀉湖上的ㄧ些小島被當作萬人塚(其中一個小島還曾是瘋人院,現在已荒廢),你可以開始想像失眠的夜晚了。
    3. Singapore
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    Former hospitals often make great places to find ghosts, and the Old Changi Hospital in Singapore is no exception. It’s widely thought of as the most haunted place in Asia. The former military hospital closed in 1997, but stories of ghost sightings in the compound date back to the 1940s, not long after it was first built. In particular, the mortuary and a room some call a “torture chamber” are said to be the scariest spaces in the hospital.
    新加坡
    早期的醫院常是鬼魂聚集的地方,而新加坡的悅樂樟宜醫院也不例外。他被廣為認定是亞洲最鬧鬼的地方。這間軍用醫院在1997關閉,但他的鬼故事可以回朔到1940,就在建院不久時。特別是被稱為"行刑室”的太平間和ㄧ個房間,據說是全醫院最可怕的地方。
    4. Chicago, USA
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    Chicago has seen its share of tragedies, from the devastating fire that tore through the city in 1871 to a maritime disaster that killed 800 people in 1915, to the corruption and crime carried out by gangsters like Al Capone in the 1920s. Plenty of ghosts may still be haunting the Windy City, like the spirits of the more than 800 people who were killed in a fire at the Oriental Theatre in 1903, or the ghosts of those slain in the War of 1812 at the site of Fort Dearborn.
    美國芝加哥
    芝加哥的悲劇從1871年焚城的惡火,到1915年奪走800條生命的船難,然後是1920像艾爾·卡彭等幫派份子帶來的腐敗和犯罪。太多鬼魂至今可能還出沒於這座風城,就像1903年東風劇院ㄧ場大火造成的800多個亡魂,或者1812年在迪爾伯恩要塞戰爭中陣亡的鬼魂。
    5. Salem, USA
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    Salem, Massachusetts has a long-standing reputation as a hotbed for sorcery — or at least that’s what the locals thought they were trying to get rid of with the infamous Salem Witch Trials in 1692. However misguided the townspeople were, their actions have led Salem to bill itself as a modern-day “Witch City,” with many tours available about the historic trials. Salem also offers a “Haunted Passport,” good from October through April, encouraging visitors to come back after Halloween to see everything else for which the area is known.
    美國賽勒姆
    賽勒姆,麻塞諸塞州有一個留傳以久的巫術溫床,或者至少那是當地人ㄧ直想擺脫的稱號,在1962年ㄧ樁惡名昭彰的女巫審判案。然而,被誤導的村民卻把賽勒姆塑造成今日的”女巫城”,眾多遊客到這個歷史性的審判地造訪。賽勒姆在4月到10月也提供了”鬼屋護照”,鼓勵遊客在萬聖節之後重新拜訪這個地區。

    1. London, England

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    London offers sights for serious fright-seekers as well as those with weaker stomachs. If you’re not quite prepared to hear about real-life mass murderer Jack the Ripper (who was never caught) or the many who lost their heads (literally) in the Tower of London, then perhaps the Madame Tussauds “Chamber of Horrors” exhibit or the sometimes-silly (but also kind of scary) London Dungeon is more your speed. Or visit 50 Berkeley Square, haunted by a girl who committed suicide there and whose ghost has scared a number of other people to death.
    英國倫敦
    倫敦的景點能滿足ㄧ心尋求驚嚇或者膽子不夠大的人。假如你還沒準備好聽聽開膛手傑克(至今仍未被捕)大屠殺,或者在羅敦鐵塔斷頭真實故事,或許杜莎夫人蠟像館的恐怖商會展出,還是有時看起來愚蠢的倫敦監獄會適合你。不然參觀伯克利廣場,ㄧ個因為女孩自殺,其鬼魂嚇死了許多人的鬧鬼勝地。
    7. Mexico

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    Dolls may provide comfort and joy to some, but when you see thousands of them hanging from trees on the so-called Island of the Dolls in Mexico, you might think about them differently. Not far from Mexico City, this island was home for almost 50 years to a man who moved there for its remoteness — only then learning of the young girl who drowned just off the island in the 1920s. Her spirit told him to gather dolls for her to play with, which he did until his death in 2001. Now, the Island of the Dolls is one of the area’s strangest (and reportedly most haunted) tourist attractions.
    墨西哥
    洋娃娃可能帶給ㄧ些人安慰和歡樂,但當你看到數千個洋娃娃垂釣在墨西哥的樹上時,你可能會有不同的想法。距離墨西哥城不遠處,這個島曾被ㄧ個男人孤僻的居住了50年,後來有個年輕女孩在1920年代淹死在那。她的鬼魂告訴男人要將洋娃娃聚集起來陪她玩,他就ㄧ直這麼做直到2001年去世。這座娃娃島是這個地區觀光勝地中最奇怪(也是遽聞最多鬧鬼事件)的地方

    1. Orlando, USA
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    A city home to both Disney World and the Universal Orlando Resort hardly seems like a place that would be haunted. But in addition to haunted spots in downtown Orlando — like the Church Street Station and the Greenwood Cemetery, both of which have spurred ghost sightings — the city’s amusement parks are great places to spend Halloween. Universal holds their annual Halloween Horror Nights in September and October, and Disney World has the Haunted Mansion. Not only that, many claim to have seen ghosts around Disney in places besides the Haunted Mansion.
    美國奧蘭多
    奧蘭多環球影城和迪士尼世界的所在,很難想像會鬧鬼。但除了奧蘭多市中心有鬼魂出沒,例如: 教堂街車站和綠樹林公墓,兩處都可看到鬼的蹤跡。這座城市的遊樂公園是過萬聖節的好去處。環球在9月和10月舉辦年度萬聖節驚魂夜,而迪士尼世界則有幽靈鬼屋。不僅如此,很多人聲稱在幽靈鬼屋附近都見過鬼。

    1. Paris, France

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    How can one of the world’s most romantic cities also be haunted?  It may sound crazy, but Paris is home to a number of haunted spots.  One of the most famous is the city’s catacombs, a network of tunnels underneath Paris’ streets which became a storage facility for human bones when the city’s cemeteries were getting overcrowded. Visitors today can get tours of the catacombs, walking past thousands upon thousands of bones. Other haunted places in Paris include the Garnier opera house, which served as the setting for “The Phantom of the Opera.”

    法國巴黎
    世界上最浪漫的城市之ㄧ怎麼可能鬧鬼呢?  聽起來或許瘋狂,但巴黎是很多鬧鬼勝地的起始地。最有名的就是城市的地下墓穴,位在巴黎街道下的渠道網,由於城市墓地過度擁擠而用來儲存人骨的場所。如今遊客可以到地下墓穴參觀,行經數千具的人骨。其他鬧鬼的地方也包含了巴黎歌劇院,也就是歌劇魅影的場景。

    1. Las Vegas, USA
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 Las Vegas knows how to party, and the city is the place to be if you’re looking for the grown-up version of costume parties, where inventive cocktails have replaced candy bars. But Sin City also has its fair share of haunted places. Ghosts have been sighted at several hotels, including the Luxor, MGM Grand and Circus Circus. The Flamingo Hotel is said to be haunted by legendary Vegas personality Bugsy Siegel.

美國拉斯維加斯
拉斯維加斯人知道如何舉辦派對,而假如你尋求用創意雞尾酒代替糖果棒的成人版變裝派對,拉斯維加斯就是你要找的地方。但這個罪惡之城也有鬧鬼的地方。很多間飯店,包含盧克索、MGM和馬戲團飯店。雙鶴康年大酒店據說被拉斯維加斯傳奇人物巴格西席格爾糾纏許久。

  1. Tokyo, Japan
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    Not far from Tokyo there’s a former family home that became the setting for a horror video game, owing to its haunted reputation. Legend holds that the Himuro family living in the home engaged in a bizarre ritualistic murder roughly every 50 years in order to ward off bad spirits. Whether or not it’s true (and it’s likely not), the Himuro Mansion retains its scary appeal thanks to ghost sightings and inclusion in the Fatal Frame video game.
    日本東京
    離東京不遠處早前有一個家庭因為鬧鬼而成為恐怖電玩遊戲的場景。傳言有樂町ㄧ家每50年會遭遇一次奇異的謀殺以驅走惡靈。無論是不是真的(很可能不是),感謝鬼出沒和零系列電玩,有樂町大廈維持了其恐怖的外表。
  2. Edinburgh, Scotlandclip_image002
    The picturesque and historic city of Edinburgh is also one of the most haunted places in Scotland. Among the city’s famous haunted locations is Mary King’s Close, a historic street (now completely enclosed underground) where those suffering from the plague are said to have been sealed up to protect the rest of the city.  Another underground location, the Edinburgh Vaults, once held pubs and shops as well as hidden storage rooms. Ghost sightings in recent years have made the vaults a popular tourist attraction and, during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, some of the vaults are used for shows.
    愛丁堡,蘇格蘭
    別具風味又歷史悠久的愛丁堡也是蘇格蘭最著名的鬧鬼勝地之ㄧ。其中最有名的地點就是瑪莉金巷,ㄧ個歷史悠久的街道(現在已完全封閉於地底),據說於瘟疫時被完全封閉以保護城市李未被感染的地方。另一處地下街是愛丁伯格地窖,曾經是酒吧、商店和隱藏的儲物室。近年因為鬼魂出沒使得地窖成為愛丁堡國際藝穗節中最受歡迎的觀光勝地,ㄧ些地窖也因此展出。
  3. Benuos Aires, Argentinaclip_image003
    Like many cities, Buenos Aires has a beautiful and historic cemetery which is also a major tourist attraction — and haunted. A young woman who was mistakenly buried alive is said to walk through the Recoleta Cemetery to this day, uncovering newly buried bodies to make sure they’re actually dead. Other haunted spots in Buenos Aires include the Torre del Fantasma, where the occupant plunged to her death from the tower (and whose ghost is still sometimes seen in the window), and the tunnels of the city’s Line A subway, where many ghosts have been reported over the years.
    阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯
    如同許多城市,布宜諾斯艾利斯有個漂亮起列史悠久的墓園,同時也是ㄧ個主要的觀光地,而且鬧鬼。ㄧ個年輕女子誤被活埋,據說直到今日還會在雷科萊塔公墓上走動,翻出新下葬的屍體以證實他們確實死亡。在布宜諾斯艾利斯其他鬧鬼的地方還包含幽靈塔,曾有女子失足從塔上掉落(至今鬼魂有時還會出現在窗外),還有城市的隧道地鐵過去幾年也常傳說有鬼出現。
  4. New York City, USA
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    New York City may be the city that never sleeps, but that doesn’t mean the ghosts don’t come out. Visitors to the Algonquin Hotel say they’ve seen ghosts of the writers who used to meet there. John Lennon is said to haunt the Dakota, where he was killed in 1980. The man who built Radio City Music Hall is sometimes seen on opening nights at the theater. And the so-called “House of Death” is haunted by the more than 20 people who died in the Manhattan brownstone, including former occupant Mark Twain.
    美國紐約
    紐約或許是不夜城,卻不代表沒有鬼魂出現。阿爾岡昆酒店的遊客就說他們看過作者的鬼魂常齊聚一起。約翰藍儂據說出沒於達科他,也就是他1980被殺害的地方。建造廣播城音樂廳的人有時會出現在戲院開播的晚上。而有死亡之屋傳言的屋子,據說被20多個死於曼哈頓褐石別墅的鬼魂所擾,其中也包含了馬克吐溫。
  5. Australia
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    Former asylums always make for seriously haunted locations, and two in Australia fit the bill perfectly. The Beechworth Lunatic Asylum, in operation for more than 125 years, is said to be haunted by the ghosts of several patients who died there. The Ararat Lunatic Asylum, also known as Aradale, was in operation for roughly 140 years — during which time 13,000 people are said to have died there. Aradale is currently being used as the campus for the Australian College of Wine, while Beechworth remains unused since its closing in 1995. Both are open for ghost tours.
    澳洲
    早期的避難所常被認為是鬼魂出沒之地,澳洲的兩個地方剛好符合這個說法。比奇渥斯精神病院,經營了125年之久,據聞被死在那的病患鬼魂所擾。澳洲阿馬代爾瘋人院,約經營了140年,其間有13,000人傳聞死於那。阿馬代爾於最近1995年關閉,兩個地方都開放尋鬼。
  6. Rome, Italy
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    Rome is often called the Eternal City, and some say this holds true for the ghosts who haunt the city, too. Rome’s catacombs and the Capuchin Crypt are creepy even if they’re not haunted, what with all the human bones on display. Ghosts are said to haunt the Castel Sant’Angelo, not to mention the locations of the murders that take place in Dan Brown’s “Angels and Demons” novel — all fiction, but still somewhat chilling, especially at night.
    義大利羅馬
    羅馬常被稱為永恆之城,有人說這個稱譽也代表了這個城市永遠與鬼相處的事實。羅馬的地下墓地和骷髏教堂即使沒有鬧鬼,光看人骨的陳列都很驚悚。聖天使城堡都鬧鬼了,更別說是丹布朗小說天使與魔鬼裡的謀殺地點,雖說是小說,但還是有點陰涼,特別是在晚上.
  7. Cartago, Costa Rica
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    The Duran Sanatorium outside San Jose, Costa Rica, has been closed since 1973 and is yet another example of an abandoned hospital being a hotspot for ghosts. Many patients at the sanitorium were being treated for tuberculosis, while other wings housed the mentally ill. In its later years, the campus was converted into a prison before being abandoned entirely. Visitors have reported seeing ghosts of a nun who once cared for TB patients and a young girl who died of TB in the sanitorium.
    哥斯大黎加卡塔戈
    杜蘭療養院,哥斯大黎加聖荷西的外面,自從1973已經關閉,又是ㄧ個荒廢醫院的鬧鬼勝地。很多病患在療養院染上結核病,還有其他病患則是心理疾病。晚期,院區在整個荒廢前變成監獄。遊客曾說看過修女在照顧結核病患,而ㄧ個年輕女子就因染上結核病死於療養院。
  8.  Savannah, USA
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    If you’ve already read “Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil,” you won’t be surprised to see Savannah on this list. (And if you haven’t read it, do so before you visit Savannah.) This city calls itself the most haunted in America, and one of the houses in Savannah — the Hampton-Lillibridge House — has been called the country’s most haunted
    美國薩凡納
    假如你已讀過”善惡花園",你就不會驚訝看到薩凡納在名單上了。(假如你還沒讀過,在你造訪薩凡納時最好先看一下)。這個城市自稱是美國最鬧鬼的城市,而在薩凡納的其中ㄧ間房子-漢普頓-莉利橋屋,更被稱為世紀鬼屋。
  9. Barbados
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    Legend has it that a cemetery in Christ Church, Barbados, is haunted, but it’s not a place where people have reported ghost sightings — only the evidence that something paranormal is taking place. A tightly sealed burial vault in the cemetery, called the Chase Vault, held lead coffins of deceased family members. The local story goes that each time the vault was opened in the 19th century to bury someone, all the coffins were in different places than they’d been the last time the vault was opened.
    巴巴多斯
    傳說巴巴多斯的基督教堂有鬼魂出沒,但人們從沒看過,只有超自然現象發生過。ㄧ個密封的穹窿形墓穴,稱做翠斯之墓,放置了已故壓族成員的棺木。當地流傳19世紀每次地窖打開要埋葬某人時,每具棺木在和上次打開地窖時不同的地方出現。
  10.  Bay Area, USA
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    The San Francisco area is home to many stories of ghost sightings. Alcatraz is said to be haunted by prisoners who died there, the Queen Anne Hotel is haunted by a woman who tucks guests into bed at night, a Safeway grocery store built on a former baseball field is sometimes haunted by ghostly players, and a house in Chinatown is haunted by a group of Chinese women who hid there to keep from being sold into prostitution — but then died in the 1906 earthquake. Another haunted highlight of the Bay Area is the Winchester Mystery House in San Jose, the proprietress of which continued building onto the house until she died, supposedly to escape the ghosts haunting her. Today, people say it’s her ghost that roams the endless halls.
    美國舊金山灣區
    舊金山是很多鬼故事的始源地。惡魔島據說就被很多死去的囚犯纏住,安妮女王飯店被ㄧ個將顧客塞進床的女子糾纏,ㄧ間前身為棒球場地的美國雜貨店深受球員的鬼魂折磨,有ㄧ群藏身在中國城ㄧ間房子以躲避被賣做妓女的中國女子們,因1906年的地震去世而佔領那間房子。另一個灣區著名的鬧鬼地就是聖荷西的温徹斯特神秘屋,女屋主直到死亡前都還持續建造屋子,據說是要捕捉那些糾纏她的鬼魂。今日,人們說她的鬼魂還遊走在無盡的走廊上。
  11. Rajasthan, India
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    Called by some the most haunted place in India, the Bhangarh Fort in Rajasthan is said to be cursed.  A sorcerer living in the city was in love with the princess who lived in the palace, and when his spell to trick her into falling in love with him went awry, he cursed everyone who lived in the palace to death. You might be inclined to brush aside such legends, but local authorities aren’t taking any chances — it’s still forbidden for tourists to enter the fort between sunset and sunrise.
    印度拉賈斯坦
    被稱為印度最鬧鬼的地方,在拉賈斯坦阿爾瓦堡壘據說被詛咒。一個住在該城的巫師和皇宮的公主相戀,當他誘騙公主與他相戀的咒語失靈後,他詛咒所有住在皇宮的人死亡。你可能不相信這樣的傳言,但當地的執法者不願有任何錯過的機會-遊客在日落和日出時,還是禁止進入堡壘。
  12. Dublin, Ireland
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    Ireland’s capital city has plenty of haunted landmarks, including some that are on must-visit lists even if you’re not interested in ghosts. Trinity College is haunted by a former medical professor, Dublin Castle is haunted by the ghosts of headless bodies said to be buried underneath, and in St. Patrick’s Cathedral some have seen the ghost of the dog belonging to a sailor buried inside. Another church in Dublin, St. Michan’s, has a burial vault underneath containing more than 30 mummified bodies.
    愛爾蘭都柏林
    愛爾蘭的首都有很多鬧鬼的地標,包含一些必遊之處,即使你對鬼魂沒興趣。都柏林大學被之前的醫學教授鬼魂所擾,都柏林城堡則是有無頭屍體被埋葬,而在聖派翠克大教堂,有些人曾看到被埋在那的水手飼養的狗鬼魂。另一個都柏林的教堂聖米占教堂,有一個在地下的墓穴地窖,收納了超過30具的木乃伊屍體。
  13. South Africa
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    Several cities in South Africa have haunted buildings, so you can find ghost tours just about anywhere in the country. Outside Cape Town, the Castle of Good Hope (now owned by the army) is haunted by ghosts of people tortured in its dungeons. In Port Elizabeth, the library is haunted by a former caretaker whose ghost knocks on doors. And in KwaZulu-Natal, the Nottingham Road Hotel is haunted by a former barmaid.
    南非
    南非有很多鬧鬼的建築物,所以你在這個國家幾乎到處都是尋鬼之旅。在開普敦以外,好望角(現屬於軍方),被受虐而死於地牢的鬼魂糾纏。在伊麗莎白港,之前管理員的鬼魂會回來敲圖書館的門。而在夸祖魯- 納塔爾,豪伊克酒店則被之前的酒吧女郎的鬼魂糾纏。
  14. Prague, Czech Republic
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    Prague’s Old Town is its most haunted, and some of the city’s most haunted places are also its most popular. The picturesque Charles Bridge was once the site of executions, and is said to be haunted by the ghosts of men killed there. Two governors thrown out of a window in the Prague Castle are said to still haunt the castle grounds. And the Old Jewish Cemetery, where an estimated 100,000 people are buried, is thought by some to be the most haunted part of the city.
    捷克布拉格
    布拉格舊鎮是最多鬼魂出現的地方,而這城市最受歡迎的地方也是最鬧鬼的地方。如詩如畫的查理斯大橋曾經是處決的地點,相傳被砍頭之人的鬼魂會在那出現。兩任執政者在布拉格城堡的窗戶被丟出,據說鬼魂還出現在城堡之內。舊猶太墓園,大概有100,000人被埋在那,被認為是整個城市最多鬼魂的地方。
  15. Sao Paulo, Brazil
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    In 1974, an air conditioning unit caught fire in what was then called the Joelma Building in Sao Paulo. The building had but one stairwell, had been furnished with flammable materials and had no sprinkler system, fire alarms or emergency exits. The building was completely engulfed in a matter of minutes, and of the nearly 800 people who were inside when the fire started, 179 died. The building has since been rebuilt and renamed, but it is said to be haunted by several of the people who died in that fire.
    巴西聖保羅
    1974年,一台冷氣機引起的大火使在聖保羅的大樓-朱立爾馬大樓因而被命名。大樓有一座防火牆,但被易燃物質燒盡並且沒有自動噴水滅火系統、防火鈴或者緊急出口。大樓幾分鐘之內便被吞噬,火勢開始蔓延時將近800人困在裡頭,179人喪命。大樓從此改建並且更名,但相傳好幾條死於大火的亡魂一直纏繞著在那。

 

更多萬聖節的歷史

關於更多萬聖節的歷史,我們特別翻譯外國網站的原文供大家參考。
資料出處 http://www.halloweenhistory.org/

A jack-o’-lantern (sometimes also spelled Jack O’Lantern) is typically a carved pumpkin. It is associated chiefly with the holiday Halloween. Typically the top is cut off, and the inside flesh then scooped out; an image, usually a monstrous face, is carved onto the outside surface, and the lid replaced. During the night, a candle is placed inside to illuminate the effect. The term is not particularly common outside North America, although the practice of carving lanterns for Halloween is.
傑克南瓜燈(有時也拼為Jack O’Lantern)是典型的南瓜雕刻。這主要是萬聖節的產物。一般頂部會被切掉,然後裡面的果肉被舀出,再刻一個通常是怪物的臉孔在表皮上,然後把蓋子蓋回去。在晚上,將蠟燭放進挖空的南瓜殼裡當作燈。這樣的方式,通常在北美以外不常見,但在萬聖節大家就會開始做起南瓜燈籠。

In folklore, an old Irish folk tale tells of Jack, a lazy yet shrewd farmer who uses a cross to trap the Devil. One story says that Jack tricked the Devil into climbing an apple tree, and once he was up there Jack quickly placed crosses around the trunk or carved a cross into the bark, so that the Devil couldn’t get down. Another myth says that Jack put a key in the Devil’s pocket while he was suspended upside-down;
在民俗學上,有一個關於傑克的古老愛爾蘭傳說,據說他是一個很懶惰但很機靈的農夫,他用十字架困住惡魔。其中有一個故事說傑克把惡魔騙去爬蘋果樹,然後等他爬到頂端,傑克很快地用十字架圍住樹幹,或是在樹皮上刻了一個十字架,所以惡魔就無法下來。另外一個說法則是傑客在惡魔倒掛時,放了一把鑰匙在他的口袋。

萬聖節的歷史由來

關於萬聖節的歷史由來,我們特別翻譯外國網站的原文供大家參考。
資料出處 http://www.halloweenhistory.org/

The history of Halloween has evolved. The activity is popular in the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and due to increased American cultural influence in recent years, imported through exposure to US television and other media, trick-or-treating has started to occur among children in many parts of Europe, and in the Saudi Aramco camps of Dhahran, Akaria compounds and Ras Tanura in Saudi Arabia. The most significant growth and resistance is in the United Kingdom, where the police have threatened to prosecute parents who allow their children to carry out the “trick” element. In continental Europe, where the commerce-driven importation of Halloween is seen with more skepticism, numerous destructive or illegal “tricks” and police warnings have further raised suspicion about this game and Halloween in general.
萬聖節的歷史已全方位的進化。這個節慶的活動在美國、英國、愛爾蘭和加拿大盛行,並且因為美國文化近年的影響,藉由電視以及其他媒介的引進,部分歐洲國家,沙烏地阿拉伯國營石油公司的營地達蘭,還有沙烏地阿拉伯的阿卡利亞復合區以及拉斯坦努拉的孩童,也開始”不給糖就搗蛋”的活動。演進和抵抗最劇烈的國家則是英國,警察甚至威脅要將允許孩子真的”搗蛋”的家長逮捕。而在歐洲內陸,萬聖節被懷疑是商務導向,並較具破壞性或者非法“惡作劇”的外來節日,而警察的進一步警戒也加深了這個遊戲以及萬聖普及化的疑慮。

In Ohio, Iowa, and Massachusetts, the night designated for Trick-or-treating is often referred to as Beggars Night.
在俄亥俄州和麻州,”不給糖就搗蛋”的晚上常被認為是乞丐之夜。

Part of the history of Halloween is Halloween costumes. The practice of dressing up in costumes and begging door to door for treats on holidays goes back to the Middle Ages, and includes Christmas wassailing. Trick-or-treating resembles the late medieval practice of “souling,” when poor folk would go door to door on Hallowmas (November 1), receiving food in return for prayers for the dead on All Souls Day (November 2). It originated in Ireland and Britain, although similar practices for the souls of the dead were found as far south as Italy. Shakespeare mentions the practice in his comedy The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1593), when Speed accuses his master of “puling [whimpering, whining], like a beggar at Hallowmas.”
萬聖節的一部分歷史就是萬聖節變裝。這種在節日變裝並且挨家挨戶要糖吃的實行可回溯至中古世紀,包含聖誕節的酒宴。不給糖就搗蛋類似中世紀晚期”撫慰靈魂”的做法,窮人們會在萬聖節(11月1號)挨家挨戶走動,獲得食物來為死者在諸靈節(11月2日)時祈禱。這樣的做法始源於愛爾蘭和英國,但遠在南端的義大利也有類似的慰靈方式。莎士比亞在他的喜劇-維洛那二紳士(1593)曾提及此慣例,當史比得指責他的主人哽咽的哀號著,活像個萬聖節的乞丐。

Yet there is no evidence that souling was ever practiced in America, and trick-or-treating may have developed in America independent of any Irish or British antecedent. There is little primary Halloween history documentation of masking or costuming on Halloween in Ireland, the UK, or America before 1900. The earliest known reference to ritual begging on Halloween in English speaking North America occurs in 1911, when a newspaper in Kingston, Ontario, near the border of upstate New York, reported that it was normal for the smaller children to go street guising (see below) on Halloween between 6 and 7 p.m., visiting shops and neighbors to be rewarded with nuts and candies for their rhymes and songs. Another isolated reference appears, place unknown, in 1915, with a third reference in Chicago in 1920. The thousands of Halloween postcards produced between the turn of the 20th century and the 1920s commonly show children but do not depict trick-or-treating. Ruth Edna Kelley, in her 1919 history of the holiday, The Book of Hallowe’en, makes no mention of such a custom in the chapter “Hallowe’en in America.” It does not seem to have become a widespread practice until the 1930s, with the earliest known uses in print of the term “trick or treat” appearing in 1934, and the first use in a national publication occurring in 1939. Thus, although a quarter million Scots-Irish immigrated to America between 1717 and 1770, the Irish Potato Famine brought almost a million immigrants in 1845-1849, and British and Irish immigration to America peaked in the 1880s, ritualized begging on Halloween was virtually unknown in America until generations later.
然而,並沒有證據顯示在美國有實行過慰靈,而不給糖就搗蛋很可能是美國從愛爾蘭和英國中獨立發展的。早在西元1900年前,就有一些在愛爾蘭、英國和美國萬聖節面具以及戲服的基本歷史紀載。最早在萬聖節以英文討糖的儀式是在1911年的北美,報紙指出在京斯敦、安大略還有紐約上城邊界,小朋友在萬聖節傍晚6、7點到街上裝扮,到店家或者鄰居家背誦歌謠而被贈予糖果餅乾是很平常的事。還有一個獨立運作的參考是在1915年不知名的地點,以及第三個代表是1920年在芝加哥。數千張印有孩童圖像的萬聖節明信片於20世紀和1920年代被量產,卻不見”不給糖就搗蛋”這句話。露絲 艾德納 凱莉在她1919年的節慶歷史- 萬聖節之書上,於美國萬聖節一章,並沒有提及這樣的習俗。直到1930年代,這都不像是一個普及的風俗,在1934年,”不給糖就搗蛋”這句話最早以”trick or treat”的形式於書面印刷出,而第一個在國際刊物上看到這句話則是在1939年。因此,即使25萬的蘇格蘭-愛爾蘭裔在1717年-1770年移民美國, 1845-1849年發生愛爾蘭大饑荒,帶進了近百萬的移民,而英國和愛爾蘭移民更於1880年達到高峰,在美國萬聖節的乞討儀式差不多到了近代才較為人知。

Trick-or-treating spread from the western United States eastward, stalled by sugar rationing that began in April 1942 during World War II and did not end until June 1947.
不給糖就搗蛋從西方的美國流傳至東方,定量分配糖果的敷衍方式從1942年二次世界大戰開始直到1947年6月才結束。

Early national attention to trick-or-treating was given in October 1947 issues of the children’s magazines Jack and Jill and Children’s Activities, and by Halloween episodes of the network radio programs The Baby Snooks Show in 1946 and The Jack Benny Show and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet in 1948. The custom had become firmly established in popular culture by 1952, when Walt Disney portrayed it in the cartoon Trick or Treat, Ozzie and Harriet were besieged by trick-or-treaters on an episode of their television show, and UNICEF first conducted a national campaign for children to raise funds for the charity while trick-or-treating.
早期國際對於不給糖就搗蛋的注目,是在1947年10月發行的傑克與潔兒和兒童活動的兒童雜誌上,以及1946年網路電台節目The Baby Snooks Show萬聖節片段,和1948年The Jack Benny Show與奥兹和哈里特的冒险等節目中開始。變裝於1952年,當華特迪士尼於卡通-不給糖就搗蛋中描繪,開始深植成為普遍的文化。奥兹和哈里特在其電視戲劇中有一集被不給糖就搗蛋整慘,而UNICEF是開始以不給糖就搗蛋作號召,為兒童發起國際運動來招募慈善基金的始祖。

萬聖節(Halloween)名字的由來

關於Halloween這個名子的由來,我們特別翻譯外國網站的原文供大家參考。
資料出處 http://www.halloweenhistory.org/

Halloween is a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31. The word Halloween is a shortening of All
Hallows’ Evening also known as Hallowe’en or All Hallows’ Eve.
10 月31 日晚上是慶祝萬聖節的節日,Halloween 這個字則是” All Hallows’ Evening”的縮寫,也被稱作
Hallowe’en 或者All Hallows’ Eve